Data Models

A collection of tools for describing data, relationships, and constraints.

Examples

Relational model

Data is organized into tables with columns and rows.

Entity-Relationship Model

Data is organized into entities with attributes and relationships.

Entity

Represents an object or concept that can be uniquely identified. Described by a set of attributes.

Attribute

Represents a characteristic or property of an entity.

Relationship

Represents the association between 2 entities.

Object-Relational Model

Extends relational model by adding object-oriented features. Attributes can be complex.

Semistructured Model

Represents data that does not conform to a rigid schema but has some organizational structure. Examples include XML and JSON formats, which use tags or key-value pairs to indicate data hierarchy and relationships.

Document-oriented model

Data is organized into documents with fields and values.

Network model

Data is organized into nodes and links, similar to a graph.

Hierarchical model

Data is organized into parent-child relationships.